The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and acetaminophen. Twenty-four healthy men and women with chronic pain were prospectively randomized to receive a single 200 mg dose of ibuprofen (200 mg twice daily for 7 days) or paracetamol (600 mg twice daily for 7 days). The body weight, blood pressure, and clinical parameters were collected at the start of treatment and every 2 days thereafter. Plasma concentrations of paracetamol and acetaminophen were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a tandem mass spectrometry detection system (Celotrix) for both. At the end of the treatment period, the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol and acetaminophen were significantly reduced by ibuprofen (P < 0.05) compared with paracetamol. The results suggest that ibuprofen administration can affect the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and acetaminophen, and the effects on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and acetaminophen may be modulated by ibuprofen.
Citation:Lamela P, Luye A, Juhl K, Rüssenberg B, et al. (2020) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the use of ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and acetaminophen. PLoS ONE 10(5): e1008058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.1008058
Editor:Robert E. Tostin, Yale University, United States of America
Received:January 14, 2020;Accepted:March 13, 2020;Published:March 23, 2020
Copyright:© 2020 Lamela et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability:All relevant data are within the manuscript and its files.
Funding:This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Council for the Development and Prevention (Scheringstiftungskvaltet i StovDet-Forskninger) and the Swedish Research Council (2020-002547). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of analgesics that have been used for the short term for the relief of pain and fever, and for long-term use in the treatment of acute pain. Although they have been shown to reduce the frequency of side-effects, the use of NSAIDs in acute pain is generally associated with higher risk of serious adverse effects, including renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatotoxicity. This review focused on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of NSAIDs and their influence on paracetamol and acetaminophen pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy volunteers. The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of the use of ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of paracetamol and acetaminophen. We included the articles on the impact of ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of paracetamol and acetaminophen in healthy volunteers and on the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol and acetaminophen in healthy volunteers, and the effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol and acetaminophen.
All human clinical trials were approved by the ethics committee of the Federal University of Saatchi & Sons (H rodents) and by the Ethical Committee of the Federal University of Saatchi (FU), and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Ibuprofen is used to relieve pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease), arthritis of the spine, ankylosing spondylitis, swollen joints, frozen shoulder, bursitis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, lower back pain, sprains and strains.
It can also be used to treat other painful conditions such as toothache, pain after operations, period pain, headache and migraine.
Ibuprofen: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Ibuprofen works by reducing hormones that cause pain and swelling in the body.
Consult your doctor, if you experience:
Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water as directed by your doctor, usually every 12 hours. If you need to take this medicine for more than 10 days, your doctor may need to start you on a dose different from the prescribed by your doctor. If you do not have a doctor you may need to take another medicine besides ibuprofen, aspirin or other NSAIDs. Do not take medicine by mouth unless you're told to do so by your doctor.
The most common side effects of this medicine are:
Use this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take it for more than 10 days unless instructed to do so by your doctor. If you are not sure if you have taken ibuprofen, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor.
Important safety information:
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been used for several decades and is approved for use in pain, fever, and arthritis. It is available over the counter and is also widely prescribed for fever reduction.
The primary use of Ibuprofen is as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. It is also used to treat a wide variety of conditions, including:
As an anti-inflammatory, Ibuprofen comes in a tablet form that you swallow and forms a film-coated tablet. The tablet is taken every day or every day at different times of the day and may be taken with or without food.
Ibuprofen is available as a liquid and a tablet that you swallow and forms a film-coated tablet, usually taken once or twice daily at about the same time each day. It is usually taken once or twice a day, or once in a day, at about the same time each day. The dosage of Ibuprofen may be adjusted according to the condition being treated.
Like other anti-inflammatory medications, Ibuprofen may cause side effects in some people. These side effects include:
It is not recommended to take more than the recommended dose of Ibuprofen. It is also not recommended to take more than the recommended dose of ibuprofen for the shortest time possible. If you are at increased risk of side effects from the use of Ibuprofen, it is important to seek medical advice from your doctor. If you have kidney disease, liver disease, asthma, heart disease, or other serious medical conditions, you should not take Ibuprofen.
Before using Ibuprofen, make sure that your doctor is aware of all your medical conditions, including allergies, medical conditions, and medications you are taking. Ibuprofen can cause some serious side effects, such as:
If you have any of the above serious side effects, stop using Ibuprofen and tell your doctor. They may be able to advise you on ways to manage them.
If you are taking any other medications, talk to your doctor before using Ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen contains an active ingredient called ibuprofen. It is also available in capsule form, and the dosage and administration of ibuprofen may vary depending on the type of Ibuprofen you are taking. The most common dosage form of Ibuprofen is a tablet that you swallow and forms a film-coated tablet, usually taken once a day at about the same time each day. For a full list of ingredients, see the Medication Guide on the label of this drugstore.com.
Ibuprofen is available in a dose that is determined by a doctor. The recommended starting dose for Ibuprofen is one or two 200 mg tablets per day. The dosage of Ibuprofen may be adjusted based on the condition being treated. For arthritis, the recommended starting dose is 10 to 20 mg every 4 to 6 hours, depending on the severity of the condition. The maximum recommended dose is 1200 mg per day.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg 1% Gel for the treatment of pain. This gel is a non-greasy gel and will help the pain and relieve the feeling of pain that may be present. The pain relief gel is perfect for those who suffer with pain due to the common cold or the flu.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg 1% Gel is used for the treatment of pain due to the common cold, flu, or other inflammatory conditions. It is a non-greasy gel and will be easy to rub in and use. The pain relief will be absorbed in your skin and will help you to get relief from your pain.
This product is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline, India.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg Gel is a non-greasy gel which makes the pain relief relieve pain and fever less intense and more effective.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg Gel is used for the treatment of pain due to the common cold, flu, or flu symptoms.
The pain relief gel will be absorbed in your skin. This will help you to get relief from your pain.
This product is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline, India.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg Gel is a non-greasy gel which will be easy to rub in and use. The pain relief will be absorbed in your skin.
Advil Ibuprofen 400 mg Gel is used for the treatment of pain due to the common cold, flu, or other inflammatory conditions.
The use of NSAIDs in the management of pain is a common issue, but there are several effective medications available for the treatment of pain. These medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are an excellent option for treating pain, but they have some risks and side effects. These medications have been used to relieve pain for decades. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are substances that cause inflammation and pain in the body. NSAIDs are generally safe and effective for many people. However, some people may experience side effects when using these medications. These side effects include nausea, headache, stomach pain, and gastrointestinal upset. In this article, we will discuss the risks of NSAIDs and their potential side effects. We will also discuss the benefits and risks associated with NSAIDs. As a result, you will have the information you need to make an informed decision about your treatment and the appropriate use of these medications.
These medications have been used to relieve pain, but they have some risks and side effects.By following the steps below, you will have the information you need to make an informed decision about your treatment and the appropriate use of NSAIDs. If you have any questions, you can always contact our experts at 1-800-853-8341 or online at www.nyc.com.As a result, you will have the information you need to make an informed decision about your treatment and the appropriate use of NSAIDs.
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